NCERT, which supplies textbooks and learning material for the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE), has updated content in the Class 12 Political Science textbook, adding and revising sections linked to contemporary geopolitics.
In the chapter on contemporary world politics, the term “Azad Pakistan” has been revised to describe Pakistan-occupied Jammu and Kashmir as an Indian territory under Pakistan’s illegal occupation, according to the updated text.
The book also notes that while most states have similar powers, some—such as Jammu and Kashmir and certain northeastern states—had special provisions. It adds that Article 370, which provided special provisions for Jammu and Kashmir, was revoked by the President in August 2019, and includes an explanation of the move.
In a section on India–China relations, the textbook states that trust was eroded in border-related talks due to China’s occupation along India’s border. The report also says topics such as the Gujarat riots, controversies during the Emergency, and Mahatma Gandhi’s assassination have been removed, while the Babri Masjid is described as a three-domed structure and the Ayodhya issue as having been resolved amicably.
